急~麻煩一下翻譯達人(這是關於牙周病方面的) - 藥品

How do the two theories stack up?It is not easy to say from the evidence
now in hand,which comes mainly from obseving correlations between gum disease and other diseases;either or both of the proposed mechanisms could be responsible.Take the evidence linking periodontal disease with premature birth,which could be caused by the infection reaching the uterus or,alternatively,by the release into the bloodstream of such proinflammatories as prostaglandin E2,a drug used by obstetricians to induce labor.There is also evidence that oral disease destabilizes blood sugar control in diabetic patients,although the mechanism remains unclear.It is known that high blood sugar contributes to gum disease and that all kinds of stress badly impact diabetic control.Periodontal disease may put stress on the body by spreading bacteria,increasing the inflammatory burden,or both.
so,too,many treatments whose success may seem to confirm one theory or another turn out to be hard to interpret.Asprin,an anti-inflammatory,is used to reduce the risk of heart attack, but again,no one can say that this proves that inflammation,pure and simple,is the culprit.It could be that aspirin merely limits clotting.
What is needed are large clinical trials in which patients are divided, at random,into two groups: one that gets treatment for periodonatl disease,another that gets a placebo.Two such studies are trying to determine whether such treatment alleviates the risk of premature birth in women with gum disease.Another is testing whether antibiotic treatment can alleviate heart disease.Yet,even here,one must beware of the possibility that antibiotics themselves may exert a subtle anti-inflammatory effect.
We need interventionist studies to learn whether treating oral disease
unmistakably shows a preventative benefit against heart disease.Such
trials are needed to justify any public investment in such treatment,and
several are now planned and in line for funding.