英翻中-口服避孕藥、輻射和環境的化學藥品與乳癌相關性 - 藥品

Size at birth: emerging evidence suggests that body size at birth is also positively correlated with breast cancer risk in adulthood. There is some evidence that birth weight and length is associated with breast cancer, but whether this association differs between premenopausal and postmenopausal ages is still unclear. The evidence is also conflicting as to whether this effect is independent of postnatal growth.
Oral contraceptive use
Oral contraceptives may produce a slight increase in breast cancer risk among long-term users, but this appears to be a short-term effect. In a meta-analysis of 54 published studies, current users of the combined contraceptive pill (containing an oestrogen and a progestogen) had a relative risk of 1.24. No difference in risk was observed 10 or more years after stopping use of the combined contraceptive pill (relative risk of 1.01).More recent results are broadly compatible with these findings, but inconsistencies remain.
Radiation and environmental chemicals
Exposure to industrial environmental factors such as moderate-to-high-dose ionizing radiation, especially at a young age, is an acknowledged, if somewhat rare, risk factor for breast cancer. However, other environmental factors, such as exposure to electromagnetic radiation, occupational exposures and organochlorine pesticides, have not been conclusively linked to an increased risk. Recently, there have been claims, which are not supported by experimental or epidemiological evidence, that antiperspirant use is related to breast cancer (Figure 5). Such inaccurate messages can have a negative impact, and their effects on public perceptions are discussed below.
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